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Author Topic: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)  (Read 6055 times)  Share 

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cyrus_atlantis

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Hey guys, I saw this article and thought it relates to our outcome so thought i'll make a thread where we can all share articles/case study of recent events that may become examples for our exam.

380 jobs cut at Clayton automotive factory
Andrew Heasley
March 25, 2011 - 3:49PM

In another blow to Australian manufacturing, Bosche Australia will shed 380 jobs from its Clayton automotive factory in Melbourne's south-east, citing tough global competition.

Those jobs, involving the manufacturing of anti-lock brake systems (ABS) and electronic stability control (ESP) modules for cars, are heading off shore to Asia and Europe.

The jobs will be progressively lost over the next three years.

Advertisement: Story continues below
The local production of ABS and ESP modules at Clayton will be phased out by 2012. The manufacturing of steering wheel angle sensors and electronic control units will be phased out by the following year.

Instead the work will be farmed out to overseas Bosch plants.

Robert Bosch Australia president David Robinson blamed a significant increase in global competition for electronic vehicle components and continuously decreasing prices.

“Products manufactured at the Clayton site are primarily for export, but the plant is no longer sufficiently competitive in these particular export markets," Mr Robinson said.

“For this reason, Bosch will relocate production to certain locations in Europe and Asia, which are more competitive and geographically closer to customers.”

The job losses will cut its Clayton plant to 720 people, and its Australian workforce to 1480.


The development — rather than manufacturing — of car chassis control systems such as anti-lock braking and stability control software will continue in Australia, Mr Robinson said.

Bosch will continue to supply components for the Australian car industry, but they will be sourced from overseas, he said.

Clayton will be left manufacturing diodes and "some components" for local demand, he said.

Displaced workers will be offered outplacement and counselling services, and all entitlements would be paid, Mr Robinson said.

http://www.theage.com.au/business/380-jobs-cut-at-clayton-automotive-factory-20110325-1c9p3.html

So due to globalization(tough international competition), companies are 'offshoring' to other countries thereby causing unemployment.
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cyrus_atlantis

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #1 on: March 25, 2011, 10:58:53 pm »
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From Samizdat to Twitter
From Poland to China to Egypt, the free flow of information is the oxygen of
democracy
BY WALTER ISAACSON | FEBRUARY 8, 2011


The uncertainty surrounding Egypt's future is fueling a debate: Are we witnessing Tehran in 1979 or Prague in 1989? Is Egypt on the threshold of theocracy or democracy? The truth is that there is no way to know. But the flood of texts, emails, Facebook posts, tweets, and YouTube videos that continue to stream out of Egypt remind me of samizdat -- the illegal grassroots literature that circulated underground throughout the former Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Digital technology is doing more to shape our politics than anything since Gutenberg's introduction of the printing press helped Europe usher in the Protestant Reformation. It is a revolution over 20 years in the making. In 1989, I was in Eastern Europe covering the unraveling of the Soviet empire for Time. When I got to Bratislava, I was put in a hotel where foreigners stayed, which was one of the few places to get satellite television. One of the maids asked whether I minded my room being used in the afternoon by school kids who liked to come watch MTV and the other music-video channels. I said sure, and I made a point of coming back early so that I could meet the students. But when I came in, they weren't watching MTV. They were watching international news broadcasts that were showing the unrest at the Gdansk shipyard in Poland.

I saw something similar 10 years later in Kashgar, an oasis town in western China. In the back of a small coffee shop on an unpaved street, three kids were sitting around a computer. I asked what they were doing. They were on the Internet, they said. I typed in some news sites. They were blocked. One of the kids elbowed me aside and typed in something. The news sites popped up. I asked what he had done. Oh, he said, we know how to go through proxy servers about which the censors are clueless.

The Internet is but the latest tool for people disenfranchised by autocratic leaders who seek what those in free societies take for granted -- access to the truth. Tunisians used social media as a way to organize their protests and share evidence of the Ben Ali regime's abuses of power. In Egypt, text, photos, and videos from the streets of Cairo rocket around the world instantly thanks to mobile technology. The regime's attempts to sever Internet connectivity, which were only partially successful, are reminiscent of the Soviet Union's jamming of the Voice of America and Radio Free Europe during the Cold War. The attempt to extinguish the free flow of accurate, trustworthy information -- the "oxygen of democracy" -- is a sure sign of fear.

Al Jazeera English, the Qatar-based, 24-hour news channel, is earning praise from media critics for its on-the-ground, extensive coverage of the turmoil. Alhurra TV, the U.S.-funded international broadcaster, has also come of age during the crisis. Daily visits to Alhurra.com increased 540 percent between Jan. 23 and Jan. 30. Over the past few days, leaders of Egyptian opposition parties --Wafd, Ghad, and the Movement for Change (Kefaya) -- have sought out the station to bring their messages to its viewers.

The United States finances Alhurra and other international broadcasters to support exactly the long-term goals of democracy and respect for civil society that are at the heart of protesters' demands across the Middle East. It's what the United States has been doing for 70 years, and what it needs to keep doing. Two years ago, a would-be suicide bomber called Radio Free Europe's popular Afghan station and defected from the Taliban live on the air. He credited the station's respect for the diversity of opinions for changing his mind.

Our media tools have changed. In the 1950s, we floated weather balloons containing leaflets with news from the outside world over the Iron Curtain and into Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. Today, we help information flow freely using sophisticated anti-censorship tools including satellite transmissions, web encryptions, and proxy servers to evade Internet firewalls.

Whatever the media platform, and whatever the era, the idea is the same. Free media works. Accurate information empowers citizens to build a more hopeful, democratic world.

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/07/from_samizdat_to_twitter

Impact of globalisation (Mobility of technology and communication) in regard to politics
« Last Edit: March 25, 2011, 11:18:04 pm by cyrus_atlantis »
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cyrus_atlantis

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #2 on: March 25, 2011, 11:16:34 pm »
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The Hopeful Network
Meet the young cyberactivists who've been planning Egypt's uprising for years.
BY MARYAM ISHANI | FEBRUARY 7, 2011


CAIRO — Most of the world got a crash course in the Egyptian opposition movement this month, as mass protests broke out on the streets of Cairo. From all appearances, the movement emerged organically in the wake of the overthrow of the government in nearby Tunisia, as hundreds of thousands of angry citizens turned out to demand President Hosni Mubarak immediately step down. Several days after the marches began, former International Atomic Energy Agency chief and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mohamed ElBaradei arrived on the scene to give the marchers in the streets a nominal leader and media-savvy public face. And shortly after that, Egypt's largest opposition group, the Muslim Brotherhood, joined in, lending its political heft to the movement.

But the groundwork for the Egyptian uprising was set well before these high-profile figures and organizations became involved. Nearly three years ago, a group of youth activists with a strong sense of Internet organizing and more than a little help from abroad was preparing for a grassroots, high-tech opposition movement.

In early 2008, Ahmed Salah and Ahmed Maher, young members of the Kefaya ("Enough") opposition group that made a strong run against Mubarak in the 2005 presidential election, branched off and formed a group they called the April 6 Youth Movement. The group took its name from the date of the first demonstration it supported -- a workers' strike planned for April 6, 2008, in el-Mahalla el-Kubra, an important town for the Egyptian textile industry. To galvanize the strike effort, April 6 activists used Facebook, Twitter, blogs, and other new-media tools to report events, alert participants about security situations, and provide legal assistance to those rounded up by state security forces.

But from the beginning, the group's founders were anticipating a far more critical date: the Nov. 28, 2010, parliamentary elections. With memories of Iran's post-election protests still fresh in their minds, the young activists hoped that the vote -- sure to be marred by ballot stuffing, bought votes, and thuggery -- would spark a mass movement that would bring Mubarak's nearly 30-year reign to an end.

By early 2009, the group's membership was 70,000 strong -- still small numbers for a country of 82 million, yet it represented something genuinely new in Egypt's stagnant political environment. The young activists soon took cues from Iran's Green Movement, which was born out of the June 2009 post-election protests. They built on best practices and addressed the glaring weaknesses of the Iranian grassroots opposition movement. One of their first projects was a manual on protest methods, composed mostly of contributions from the group's members, which were solicited online. Friends passed it to friends and added ideas on topics ranging from security to graffiti. I became aware of the group in January 2010, when a fellow reporter forwarded me the manual.

In its early experiments with organizational tactics and online safety, the group sometimes reached out to some unlikely partners. Digital media experts in the organization consulted with Italian anarchist party activists for advice on how to use "ghost servers," which bounce Internet searches to nonexistent servers to confuse any online monitoring, allowing users to share information and continue coordinating their activities in heavily monitored digital and telecom environments, such as in Egypt, where email accounts and Facebook are watched closely.

One of the key activists within this movement is 24-year-old Ramy Raoof, the online media expert for Global Voices and the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, two organizations devoted to documenting and sharing information on Egypt's democratic movement.

In September 2010, Raoof shared a digital guide with me that he had created to illustrate how protesters could use mobile phones and Twitter to communicate information about arrested activists, helping lawyers to secure the release of the detainees. Raoof was also well known for the "fixes" he devised for many of the challenges activists were facing, such as using international phone lines to text during government-imposed SMS shutdowns. His efforts proved wildly successful. In the protests just before the November 2010 parliamentary elections, his team was able to secure the release of dozens of people from jails within hours of their arrest, sometimes by simply having a lawyer show up to dismiss unfounded and unchargeable offenses. In previous demonstrations, arrested protesters regularly disappeared into the prison system for weeks at a time, never having been charged, and emerging with horror stories of torture and significant injuries.

In addition to teaching activists about using technology to find new ways to organize, the election also taught them the power of new-media technologies to get out their message. That's where Bassem Samir comes in.

Samir is the director of the Egyptian Democratic Academy, an election monitoring group affiliated with the April 6 movement. Although he's only 28 years old, his personal experiences of detainment and harassment as a human rights officer have given him an air of exhaustion. Samir's matter-of-fact way of analyzing Egypt's confusing political realities has made him a go-to source for foreign journalists.

Watching the Iranian protests of 2009, Samir was troubled by the poor quality of the videos taken by activists. Although compelling, the images were often too shaky and confusing to be used by international media outlets, thus limiting their impact. In early 2010, Samir led a small delegation of representatives to the United States for media training, particularly focused on video reporting. A U.S. nongovernmental organization -- with funding from the State Department -- oversaw training sessions led by digital journalists from magazines like Time and documentary filmmakers affiliated with the human rights organization Witness, in
which the Egyptian activists were taught basic camera operation, steady shooting, and how to use audio recording devices. They even studied effective online videos produced for a campaign aimed at installing bike lanes in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

In August 2010, Samir helped organize a collaboration between the Egyptian coalition and the Kenyan NGO Ushahidi, which develops open-source software for information collection and interactive mapping. Ushahidi sent a delegation to build the activists' online capabilities for securely and credibly capturing raw video and reporting on the ground with mobile phones and building online content around it. The delegation experienced frequent harassment from Egyptian national security forces.

In September 2010, a group of journalists organized by a U.S. NGO traveled to Egypt to provide media-skills training to members of the April 6 movement in courses overseen by Samir. The goal was to prepare the movement's media wing to operate under intense pressure from national security forces during planned protests leading up to the November election. The trainers fanned out to cities across the country, such as opposition strongholds Port Said, Aswan, and Alexandria. Sessions lasted four days in each city, with nearly 30 trainees at a time grilling the journalists for advice. Session dates and locations were often changed up to the very last minute as the group struggled to avoid government scrutiny and
monitoring.

The young April 6 activists wanted to ensure that the protests surrounding the parliamentary elections would be conducted differently (no more burning tires or charging police barricades) and meet with different results (no more floggings by the police). This time, they would be asymmetric and digital. At the end of a session on personal security practices, Samir turned to me and said, "They need to stop thinking of revolution as martyrdom. They are so used to thinking that if they don't get arrested or beaten up they aren't committed enough."

In one session, they learned about mapping tools, using open-source maps like Google Maps and UMapper to document protest events online and choose locations for potential demonstrations. Trainees examined their local streets and plotted good locations for photography. In another exercise, they closed their eyes and imagined the streets at night, crowded with protesters, with barricades, with noise, with gunfire. The sooner they got accustomed to the chaos of their environment, they were instructed, the faster they would be on their feet to avoid national security and police.

Photographers in the group drilled extensively, choosing critical shooting locations in a mock site and moving between them quickly and safely. Videographers were made to walk backward on uneven roads with the help of a "Man #2," another activist who would be a security lookout and human tripod when needed. They memorized streets in their respective cities so as not to get pinned by security forces. They were trained on how to convey their content out of the event site safely: running exercises where photographers would hand off small memory flash cards at frequent intervals, switch cameras with activists who would pose as innocent bystanders, and send in camera teams in waves instead of all at once. Another novel tactic was carrying a decoy memory card with photos of tourist sites on it to hand over to police.

One trainer showed them the iconic image of a Sandinista throwing a Molotov cocktail; then he showed them an image of a crowd in Tehran standing over dying gasps of Neda Agha-Soltan with camera phones. The trainer said, "Your camera phone is now your Molotov cocktail."

By the time the November 2010 elections rolled around, a new mechanism was in place. I traveled to one of the Egyptian Democratic Academy's reporting centers on election night and observed an army of young people at computers watching information flicker across computer-generated maps. Their cell phones buzzed with incoming tweets.

The election itself proceeded as expected. The government successfully eliminated the Muslim Brotherhood from parliament, bringing the opposition's total representation down to just 3 percent. Some videos that were captured showed men frantically filling out stacks of ballots in rows and stuffing them into boxes to be counted. But as it turned out, the post-election upheaval was not the final battle against the Mubarak regime the activists had hoped for. Demonstrations were small and scattered. Although the activists' methods for safely coordinating and documenting the post-election events worked, the popular support wasn't there for a large-scale mobilization, so there really wasn't much to document in the end. Unlike in Iran, an election wouldn't be the cause of Egypt's uprising. Instead, it took something entirely unexpected to turn the Arab world on its head. And in fact, it wasn't even in Egypt. On Dec. 17, 2010, an unemployed young man named Mohamed Bouazizi walked to the front gate of the provincial headquarters in Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia, with nothing left to lose but his life. He sat down and lit himself on fire.

The spark he lit sent his country into the streets; Tunisia -- one of the most entrenched and stable administrations in the region -- tumbled in less than a month. Within days, dozens of other people had self-immolated; within weeks, Algeria and Yemen were quaking; and today, Jordan's government watches its streets precariously.

Not surprisingly, it was another Facebook page set up by the April 6 youth -- this one devoted to the memory of Khaled Said, a man brutally killed in police custody -- that sparked the beginning of the current uprising in Egypt. Thanks largely to the legwork done by the April 6 movement and the Egyptian Democratic Academy months earlier, Egypt's opposition had been integrated into a closely knit online community. The movement showed up in force on Jan. 25, when the protests began.

But their years of preparation were almost immediately undermined. Just after midnight on Jan. 28, Mubarak -- in an unprecedented move -- shut off Internet and SMS services across the country for nearly a week.

The activists acted quickly during the blackout to create workaround solutions. Within days, clandestine FTP accounts were set up to move videos out to international news outlets. While accredited members of the media struggled to communicate and coordinate, street protesters were using land lines to call supporters, who translated and published their accounts on Twitter for an international audience hungry for news of the unfolding events.

Raoof, in particular, emerged as an invaluable source of information for the international media as they were chased off the streets during a crackdown by pro-Mubarak demonstrators on Feb. 2 and 3. He moved quickly throughout the chaotic scene to distribute emergency contact numbers to protesters facing detainment, replacing them with new numbers as soon as they were shut down by the government. Samir was on the scene as well, working to connect reports from the activists on the ground to international human rights monitors from his office across the river from Tahrir Square, and feeding images taken by activists to the international media.

With his heavy-handed attempt to shut off all communication, Mubarak in many ways paid online activists like Raoof and Samir the ultimate compliment. The Egyptian state has recognized that the new-media tools and methods they pioneered were crucial in fanning the flames of the wave of protest that threatens to bring to an end 30 years of authoritarian rule. Unfortunately for Mubarak, the realization came too late. The movement these activists began has moved offline and into the streets, composed primarily of people who have never updated a Facebook page or sent out a tweet in their lives. And now, it may be far too late to contain it.

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/07/the_hopeful_network?page=0,0

How globalization (mobility of communication and technology)  play a role in politics
« Last Edit: March 25, 2011, 11:25:09 pm by cyrus_atlantis »
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vexx

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #3 on: March 25, 2011, 11:58:32 pm »
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Good idea, Stickied!
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chrisjb

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #4 on: March 26, 2011, 10:15:16 am »
+1
I have got an exercise book entitled "Interstudies Libretto"- a reference to 'Maestro' with lots of newspaper cut outs of articles relating to interstuds. Most of them are The Age or The Australian, I'll try and track them all down on-line and post links later today.

Righty-o, some of these may not make sense because they are contrasting examples intended to be used in conjunction with another case study. But this is what is in there so far:
http://www.theage.com.au/national/use-foreign-labour-sparingly-says-actu-20110314-1buhy.html
http://www.theage.com.au/world/west-is-damned-if-it-does-and-damned-if-it-doesnt-20110311-1brb3.html
http://www.theage.com.au/business/nab-steps-into-china-20110308-1bmk8.html
http://www.theage.com.au/business/mining-giants-given-nod-to-import-labour-20110315-1bvya.html?skin=text-only
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/libyans-will-pay-the-price/story-e6frg71x-1226022797048
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/rebels-in-retreat-gaddafi-forces-push-towards-benghazi/story-e6frg6so-1226022760875
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/pm-vows-to-stop-carbon-jobs-going-offshore/story-fn59niix-1226022832982
http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/editorial/belatedly-the-un-makes-the-right-call-on-libya-20110319-1c0ug.html
http://www.theage.com.au/world/libya-caves-in-after-un-vote-20110318-1c0ob.html
http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/international-resolve-a-big-step-forward-20110319-1c1g1.html
http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/editorial/the-right-decision-on-libya-despite-the-real-risks-20110319-1c1do.html
http://www.smh.com.au/world/west-will-get-to-show-that-might-is-right-20110318-1c0o0.html
http://www.smh.com.au/world/dozens-shot-dead-in-yemen-protest-20110319-1c1dj.html
http://www.theage.com.au/business/europes-new-bailout-fund-to-pack-more-punch-20110322-1c54k.html
http://www.smh.com.au/world/yemeni-leader-runs-out-of-allies-20110322-1c57a.html

(Most recent articles are from about three days ago- I have about three days worth of newspapers on my floor that I have to catch up on :|)
« Last Edit: March 26, 2011, 08:25:44 pm by chrisjb »
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cyrus_atlantis

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #5 on: March 26, 2011, 07:58:46 pm »
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Kool. Tat'll be gr8! Thanks!
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cyrus_atlantis

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #6 on: April 26, 2011, 03:28:57 pm »
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http://www.globalization101.org/uploads/File/IMF/imfall2010.pdf

Thought it sounded useful in terms of "how the IMF and World Bank promotes globalisation"
Includes
-structure of organisation
-means to achieve aims
-criticisms

From PDF...
"Conclusion
The IFIs are pillars of globalization. Designed to help manage the international financial system, they have taken on major roles as drivers of closer economic integration of all of the world’s countries, from the advanced to the least developed. They have provided funds and advice to assist countries with their economic development and policy-making. At the same time, they are criticized on many levels—for intrusiveness into the economic and political sovereignty of nations dependent on their aid, lack of transparency, and impact of their policies on societies and the environment. 

The IFIs have responded with new programs to address these critiques. For example, the IMF has begun publishing Public Information Notices (PINs) regarding their Article IV consultations with governments. Also, the IMF has emphasized "ownership" by client countries of the policies it recommends. Finally, the World Bank and the IMF are cooperating in the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HPIC) initiative to provide debt relief. 

Whether or not these new policies will serve to mollify the IFIs critics remains to be seen. Protests continue against the IFIs, and it is likely that controversy about both them and globalization in general will continue for some time. "
« Last Edit: April 26, 2011, 03:38:03 pm by cyrus_atlantis »
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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #7 on: April 26, 2011, 03:55:29 pm »
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http://www.globalization101.org/uploads/File/Environment/envall2010.pdf

Effect of globalisation (international trade) on environment
Includes
-issue of global warming(Kyoto...etc)
-ozone layer (Montreal)
And other environmental issues...

From PDF
"
Conclusion
This Issue Brief has described the effect of globalization on the environment both as a result of the increasing integration of the world's economies through international trade and in the context of multilateral, international efforts to combat the most pressing global environmental problems. As we have discussed, countries disagree over the nature and scope of the threats the environment faces and the way to deal with those threats, with scientific, cultural, and economic considerations all playing roles in these disagreements. The common themes running through these disagreements, though, are the trade-offs between economic development and environmental protection and between international cooperation and
individual action"

Some useful statistics
Montreal (1997)
"Between 1986 and 2006, annual worldwide consumption of CFCs declined from 1.1 million tons to 35,000 tons. UNEP projects that if not for the Montreal Protocol, by the year 2050
ozone depletion would have risen 50-70 percent, roughly ten times worse than current levels."

"Developing countries, such as India, China, and Brazil, received $470 million
from 2006-2008 to help to cut back on their production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances."

"Since 1990, $2.4 billion of assistance from the Montreal Protocol’s Multilateral Fund has underwritten over 6,000 projects to reduce usage of ozone-depleting substances in 148 developing countries. The resulting reductions total 230,768 tons in production and 175,864 tons in consumption."
« Last Edit: April 26, 2011, 04:23:27 pm by cyrus_atlantis »
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cyrus_atlantis

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #8 on: April 26, 2011, 04:03:50 pm »
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http://www.globalization101.org/uploads/File/Trade/tradeall2010.pdf

Effects of gloablisation in regards to international trade

"Introduction
The tremendous growth of international trade over the past several decades has been both a primary cause and effect of globalization. The volume of world trade since 1950 has increased twenty-seven fold from $296 billion to more than $8 trillion in 2005.

As a result, consumers around the world now enjoy a broader selection of products than ever before. Additionally a whole host of U.S. government agencies and international institutions have been established to help manage the evergrowing flow of goods, services, and capital. 
 
Although increased international trade has spurred tremendous economic growth across the globe—raising incomes, creating jobs, reducing prices, and increasing workers’ earning power—trade can also bring about economic, political, and social
disruption.

Because the global economy is so interconnected, when large economies suffer recessions, the effects are felt around the world.  When trade decreases, jobs and businesses are lost.  In the same way that globalization can be a boon for international trade; it can also have a crushing impact.       
 
The following Issue Brief is designed to help you understand some of the fundamental economic principles behind international trade, familiarize you with some of the technical terms, and offer some insights into some of the controversies surrounding international trade policy both in the United States and abroad. "
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cyrus_atlantis

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #9 on: April 26, 2011, 04:18:09 pm »
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http://www.globalization101.org/uploads/File/Development/devall10.pdf

Effects of internationalism (and some NGOs) on human rights and refugees

Include
-World Bank
-United Nations Development Program
-World Trade Organisation (doha Round 2001 - agricultural subsidies...etc)
-Some case studies
-MDGs

Useful statistics
"In 2009, the World Bank provided $14 billion in grants and loans to middle- and low-income nations. Africa received $7.9 billion, while South Asia borrowed $4.1 billion. The figure below displays these numbers; Africa’s loans represent the largest fraction of the total aid provided by the World Bank." (world Bank Annual report 2008)
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http://turtlebay.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/05/09/syrian_solutions_to_syrian_problems_the_new_middle_easts_old_school_diplomacy

Title: Syrian solutions to Syrian problems: the new Middle East's old-school diplomacy

About UN and prospects of future intervention
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AmericanBeauty

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #11 on: October 31, 2014, 03:53:51 pm »
0
should delete this it has no relevance anymore

achre

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Re: Impact of Globalization/Internationalism (Articles/Case study/Essays)
« Reply #12 on: October 31, 2014, 09:31:56 pm »
0
Or, at the least, unsticky it. It's not completely worthless but it's close to it and certainly not vital.